%0 Book Section
%@holdercode {isadg {BR SPINPE} ibi 8JMKD3MGPCW/3DT298S}
%3 Lakhina_supermagnetic.pdf
%@mirrorrepository sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19@80/2009/08.21.17.02.53
%4 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2012/12.12.13.26
%A Lakhina, G. S.,
%A Alex, S.,
%A Tsurutani, B. T.,
%A Gonzalez, W. D.,
%@secondarytype PRE LI
%B Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity Perspective
%C Washington, D. C.
%D 2012
%E A. S. Sharma, A. Bunde, V. P. Dimri, and D. N. Baker,
%@secondarykey INPE--/
%K extreme events, natural hazards, supermagnetic storms.
%P 267-278
%S Geophysical Monograph Series
%T Supermagnetic Storms: Hazards to Society
%V 196
%X Magnetic storms are an important component of space weather effects on Earth. Superintense magnetic storms (defined here as those with Dst < -500 nT, where Dst stands for the disturbance storm time index that measures the strength of the magnetic storm), although relatively rare, can be hazardous to technological systems in space as well as on the ground. Such storms can cause life-threatening power outages, satellite damage, communication failures, and navigational problems. The data for such magnetic storms during the last 50 years is rather scarce. Research on historical geomagnetic storms can help to create a good database for intense and superintense magnetic storms. The superintense storm of 12 September 1859 is analyzed in the light of new knowledge of interplanetary and solar causes of storms gained from the space-age observations. We will discuss the results in the context of some recent intense storms and also the occurrence probability of such superstorms.
%@area CEA
%@electronicmailaddress
%@electronicmailaddress
%@electronicmailaddress
%@electronicmailaddress gonzalez@dge.inpe.br
%Y Union, American Geophysical,
%@e-mailaddress marcelo.pazos@inpe.br
%@documentstage not transferred
%@group
%@group
%@group
%@group DGE-CEA-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR
%@isbn 978-0-87590-486-3
%@usergroup marcelo.pazos@inpe.br
%@nexthigherunit 8JMKD3MGPCW/3EU29DP
%@affiliation Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
%@affiliation Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
%@affiliation Jet Propulsion Laboratory
%@affiliation Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
%@versiontype publisher
%@doi 10.1029/GM196
%2 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2012/12.12.13.26.27